Neurotechnology and Cognitive Warfare

Curator note

This paper argue that read-only brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) that track fatigue, attention and emotional states could supercharge disinformation and influence campaigns, particularly if hacked by hostile actors and used within existing data-driven cognitive warfare mechanisms. Because these operations sit below the threshold of armed conflict and in international legal grey zones, the looming proliferation of such devices demands urgent clarification of how international law applies to cyber-enabled cognitive warfare. In short: simply being able to read brain signals could be enough to fundamentally change the game.