2026
blog post
Devidal P.
humanitarian law & policy - international committee of the red cross
Militaries are gearing up for confrontation on https://www.polytechnique-insights.com/en/columns/geopolitics/cognitive-warfare-the-new-battlefield-exploiting-our-brains/: the human brain.
While psychological operations aimed at deceiving enemies or manipulati…
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2026
journal article Peer-reviewed: Yes
Lin Y.-Y.; Chiu C.-H.
asian security
Between 2022 and 2024, China targeted Taiwan with four large-scale military exercises, integrating military deterrence with cognitive warfare. This study examines China’s strategic adjustments by categorizing operational targets along “General public/Politica…
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2026
journal article Peer-reviewed: Yes
Ryu D.
journal of cybersecurity and privacy
Cognitive warfare is a hybrid threat that combines information manipulation with psychological influence, often amplified by digital platforms and synthetic media. Conventional cybersecurity tooling is optimized for technical intrusion and offers limited supp…
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2026
report
Kaarkoski M.
puolustusvoimat - the finnish defence forces
This research bulletin examines the conceptualisation of cognitive warfare and its distinctive features in relation to information warfare and psychological warfare.
The review draws on publicly available sources and focuses on how cognitive warfare has been…
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2026
journal article
Maxwell D.
small wars journal by arizona state university
https://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/ancient-greece/thucydides/history-1.asp that fear, honor, and interest move states. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/On_War?utm that war is a continuation of politics by other means. https://www.marxists.org/reference…
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2026
journal article Peer-reviewed: Yes
Pien K.-C.; Tu C.-C.; Lin M.-D.
revista cientifica general jose maria cordova
To counter the surge in AI-enabled weaponised disinformation, this study proposes the Integrated Disinformation Verification Mechanism (IDVM). This exploratory three-stage model integrates a qualitative 5W1H framework, a manual checklist, and AI-based detecti…
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2026
editorial Peer-reviewed: Yes
Fernandez-Osorio A.E.; Acevedo-Navas C.
revista cientifica general jose maria cordova
This article introduces a new issue of the Revista Científica General José María Córdova devoted to military leadership and strategic thinking. Drawing on classical and contemporary strategic theory, from Clausewitz to Freedman, Cohen, and Kahneman, the issue…
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2026
journal article Peer-reviewed: Yes
Long J.
irregular warfare initiative
Twentieth-century warfare was defined by industrial-scale lethality: mass mobilization, mechanized
destruction, and the pursuit of decisive battlefield supremacy. In contrast, the strategic environment of the twenty-first century reflects a profound transform…
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2026
report
Probasco E.; Bresnick S.; McFaul C.
center for security and emerging technologies - cset - georgetown university
This report examines thousands of open-source requests for proposal (RFPs)
published by China’s People’s Liberation Army between January 1, 2023, and
December 31, 2024. The RFPs we reviewed offer insights into the PLA’s priorities and
ambitions for AI-enabled…
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2026
journal article
Canyon D.
security nexus - daniel k. inouye asia-pacific center for security studies
The Indo-Pacific is not approaching a cognitive war. It is already inside one. China’s systematic cognitive operations, grounded in People’s Liberation Army political warfare doctrine and operationally integrated with economic and diplomatic coercion, are act…
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2026
report
Singh R.K.
claws - center for land warfare studies
Contemporary conflict is increasingly characterised by efforts to shape perception, belief and decision-making rather than by application of kinetic force alone. This evolution has foregrounded the cognitive domain of warfare, wherein the human mind becomes a…
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2026
journal article Peer-reviewed: Yes
Li J.; Dai Y.; Woldearegay T.; Deb S.
defence studies
This article examines how Russia deploys cognitive warfare in the Russo-Ukrainian conflict through the theoretical lens of offensive realism. By conceptualizing cognitive warfare as a non-kinetic strategy of power maximization, the study argues that such tact…
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2026
web page
Rushing B.; Hersch W.; Xu S.
An interactive companion to the Multi-Horizon Cognitive OODA framework. Explore the case study, then play the 72-hour incident simulator to experience cognitive warfare from the defender's seat.
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2026
journal article
Russo S.
small wars journal by arizona state university
Cognitive warfare is frequently referred to as a derivative of influence, information, or emerging technologies. This essay, instead, posits that one of its most destabilizing aspects, often an untouched aspect, is economic: Cognitive warfare is relatively ch…
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2026
journal article
Wilcox J.; Walters R.
small wars journal by arizona state university
La guerre cognitive se heurte aujourd’hui à un décalage fondamental : les forces militaires utilisent encore des modèles de planification conçus pour des opérations physiques, alors que l’environnement informationnel évolue à une vitesse et une complexité san…
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2026
preprint
Rushing B.; Hersch W.; Xu S.
us air force academy
Cognitive warfare has emerged as a central feature of modern conflict, yet it remains
inconsistently defined and difficult to evaluate. Existing approaches often treat cognitiveoperations as a subset of information operations, limiting the ability to assess c…
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2026
journal article
Zilincik S.
european journal of international security
The article probes the analytical utility of the increasingly popular concept of ‘cognitive warfare’. It proceeds by reflecting writings associated with the concept’s mainstream meaning against selected insights from general strategic theory and affective sci…
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2026
journal article
Huber R.E.
computers in human behavior
Fostering understanding across divides could counter societal polarization but also risks reinforcing existing views. Using AI chatbots to experimentally induce interpersonal experiences, it was tested whether feeling understood enhances openness to opposing…
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2026
journal article
Ławrynow D.
poradnik jezykowy
The article analyzes the process of constructing a linguistic representation of Ukraine and Ukrainians in selected Soviet and contemporary Russian propaganda texts. The author compares methods of linguistic manipulation in light of the concept of cognitive wa…
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2026
magazine article
Janin P.; Ducourneau A.; Chaker L.; Langlois-Berthelot J.
incyber news
La première partie de cet entretien croisé a posé un constat : le cyber, l’informationnel et le cognitif forment désormais un continuum, et les crises se propagent dans des systèmes où la vitesse des flux et la fragilité des médiations institutionnelles devie…
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